When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.

For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can't make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生觀) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.

If you look at children, you'll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life—he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream－world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

1. According to this passage, intelligence is the ability ________.

A. to behave immediately        B. to do well in school

C. to deal with life              D. to know what to do

2. In a new situation, an intelligent person ________.

A. knows more about what might happen to him

B. is sure of the result he will get

C. concentrates on the situation

D. cares more about himself

3. According to the passage the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in ________.

A. the amount of intelligence

B. the different situations they face

C. the different attitudes to life

D. the background of life

4. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. What's real meaning of intelligence?

B. What's the “bright” children's behaviour?

C. What's a special outlook on life?

D. How to live and behave in a new situation?

5. In the next part of the passage, the author might continue to talk about ________.

A. how to determine what intelligence is

B. how education should be changed

C. how to judge whether a person is intelligent

D. how an unintelligent person should be taught

When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.

　　 For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can’t make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生觀) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.

　 If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life --- he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. What’s real meaning of intelligence

B. What’s the “bright” children’s behavior

C. What’s a special outlook on life

D. How to live and behave in a new situation

2.In the author’s opinion the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in ____________.

A. the amount of intelligence

B. the different situations they face

C. the different attitudes to life

D. the background of life

3.What might the author continue to talk about in the passage that follows?

A. how to determine what intelligence is

B. How an unintelligent person should be taught

C. how to judge whether a person is intelligent

D. how education should be changed

  The United States Environmental Protection Agency says only seven per cent of plastic waste in the United States is recycled each year. A new compa-ny in northern New York says it can increase that percentage. It also says it can help the United States reduce the amount of oil it imports.

  The company has a machine named the "plastic-eating monster". Every hour,thousands of kilograms of milk jugs,water bottles,and grocery bags are fed into the machine. The plastic waste comes from landfills across the United States. John Bordnyniuk runs the company,called JBI.

  Mr Bordnyniuk has invented a new process for turning plastic into fuel. First,many different kinds of unwashed plastics are melted together.

Mr Bordnyniuk uses a special chemical to turn the liquid into a vapour. This reduces the plastic to its most basic elements.

  "Plastics are just long hydrocarbon chains. What we're doing is reforming them into links and chains that we want so they have a high fuel value.” Eight per cent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. Independ-ent testers say eighty-six per cent of what goes in comes out as fuel.

  Bob Molodynia helps run the company. He watches as the plastic-eating machine pours a thin,brown liquid into an oil barrel.

  JBI produces several thousand liters of fuel a day. It creates different grades of fuel for different industries. It sells the fuel for up to one hundred dollars a barrel. Each barrel costs about ten dollars to produce.

  Scientists say plastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yet known if the process is environmentally friendly. And some questions whether turning plastic into oil can even be considered "recycling".

  Carson Maxted is with the publication Resource Recycling,a magazine that reports on the plastic recycling industry. He says because there is a lot of plastic waste and a great demand for oil,JBFs recycling technology may create great changes in both industries.

1. What should be the best title of the passage?

   A. Could waste plastic reduce our need for oil?

   B. How can waste plastic be changed into oil?

   C. What should we do to reduce the import of oil?

   D. What is the "plastic-eating monster"?

2. What is the purpose of using a special chemical?

   A. To melt the unwanted plastic.

   B. To turn liquid plastic into vapour.

   C. To turn plastic into fuel.

   D. To make the machine use more plastic.

3. From the passage,we know      .

   A. there is a great profit for JBI to turn waste plastic to oil

   B. plastic-to-oil technology is very developed in America

   C. the process of turning plastic into fuel is environmentally friendly

   D. JBI's recycling technology must create great changes in the plastic re-cycling industry

4. Who is the boss of JBI?

   A. Carson Maxted.

   B. John Bordnyniuk.

   C. Bob Molodynia.

   D. Machiel Smiths.

                                      A 

          Prashant Mandal shares a small house with his wife and four kids,and survives on less than $2 a day. Yet,despite Mandal' s  modest income,he spends 20 percent of his income on solar energy,an expenditure (支出) which he says is key to helping his children to study.

          Across the globe,about 1. 2  billion people live without electricity. Such limitations are not only inconvenient,but also put people in low-income countries at greater risk of having serious health conditions. People living without electricity typically rely on kerosene lamps,and other harmful light sources,which can lead to bums,injuries,poisoning and other risks.

          Realizing the need for a more efficient energy source,a lot of companies have developed business models that enable poor people to purchase solar energy.

          SimpaNetworks,which focuses its efforts on rural India,is one such company that's found a way to make solar energy affordable and accessible to people in need. Customers are charged a small down payment for a high-quality solar system. Then,through its “progressive purchase^ model,they pay in advance for a designated (指定的) amount of energy consumption. Each payment counts toward the final purchase price.

          A number of other companies have found ways to get solar energy into the hands,anci homes of people who typically can’t  afford electricity. MPOWER D. a New ork-based company,invented an (充氣式的) solar light in 2012 that is powered by the sun,and is also able to store solar energy.

          “Energy poverty is solvable if we all work together,” says John Salzinger,MPOWERD’s  co-founder. “Every single consumer purchase helps us reduce costs,and then we pass those savings on to those who need affordable light most. We automatically enable our customers to help others,while helping the environment,by simply making a purchase."

1. Why does the author mention Prashant Mandal in Paragraph 1 ?

   A. To show that electricity is precioub.

   B. To bring up the topic of the text.

   C. To introduce his poor family.

   D. To tell an interesting story.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2 ?

   A. Kerosene lamps are healthy light sources.

   B. There are few people living without electricity.

   C. Poor countries are at greater risk of spreading .

diseases. 

   D. People living without electricity may face serious risks.

3. Paragraph 4  mainly tells us .

   A. how customers pay for SimpaNetworks solar

   B. how impaNetworks invented the inflatable solar

   C. how customers use electricity in rural India 

   D. how solar system works in rural India 

4. How does John Salzinger feel about energy poverty?

   A. Uncaring.     B. Surprising.

   C. Disappointed. D. Optimistic.

    Often a prize is awarded to just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It may be awarded to two or more people who have worked together to reach a goal. Since the Nobel Prizes are international prizes, scientists, inventors, writers, and diplomats from all countries may receive a prize. Sometimes, two people from countries with different political views may even share a prize. An example of this is the 1973 Peace Prize, which was awarded to Henry Kissinger of the United States and to Le Due Tho of North Vietnam for the Vietnam peace negotiations. It is also sometimes true that a prize is not given. If there is not outstanding achievement in one of the five areas, no prize is given in that area. In 1972, for example, no Nobel peace prize was given.

    Someone must decide whether or not to give an award. The process of nominating and choosing Nobel Prize winners have two parts. First, nominations, or recommendations, of people who might deserve a Nobel Prize, are made. The nominations in physics and chemistry are made by the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm. The nominations in medicine or physiology are made by the Caroline Medical Institute, which is also in Stockholm. The Swedish Academy, along with the French and Spanish Academies, makes nominations in literature. The peace prize nominations are made by a committee of the Norwegian government. Many nominations are made in each area. Nominations from these groups begin the process of choosing the Nobel Prize winners.

    The second part of the process of choosing Nobel Prize winners is to decide which of the nominees deserves the award in each area. This decision is made by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. The Foundation may decide to give the awards to an individual or to several people in each area. Or the Foundation may decide not to give a prize at all in any area.

    1. A Nobel Prize is given in the form of ________.

    A. a large sum of money

    B. a diploma and a gold medal

    C. a large amount of money together with a gold medal and a diploma

    D. a prize certificate

    2. The 1973 Peace Prize was awarded to ________.

    A. two persons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. Henry Kissinger

    C. Le Due Tho　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  D. two individuals from different countries

    3. Sometimes no prize is awarded when ________.

    A. there is no remarkable achievement in that area

    B. there is no suitable nomination

    C. there is a war

    D. there is financial shortage

    4. The decision of literature prize winner is made by ________.

    A. the Swedish Academy and the French and Spanish Academies

    B. the Nobel Foundation

    C. a committee for the Norwegian government

D. the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm

The prizes are awarded by the Nobel foundation for outstanding achievements or contributions in five areas. A prize is given in chemistry, physics, medicine or physiology, literature and peace. Each prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma saying that he has been awarded the prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money.

    Often a prize is awarded to just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It may be awarded to two or more people who have worked together to reach a goal. Since the Nobel Prizes are international prizes, scientists, inventors, writers, and diplomats from all countries may receive a prize. Sometimes, two people from countries with different political views may even share a prize. An example of this is the 1973 Peace Prize, which was awarded to Henry Kissinger of the United States and to Le Due Tho of North Vietnam for the Vietnam peace negotiations. It is also sometimes true that a prize is not given. If there is not outstanding achievement in one of the five areas, no prize is given in that area. In 1972, for example, no Nobel peace prize was given.

    Someone must decide whether or not to give an award. The process of nominating and choosing Nobel Prize winners have two parts. First, nominations, or recommendations, of people who might deserve a Nobel Prize, are made. The nominations in physics and chemistry are made by the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm. The nominations in medicine or physiology are made by the Caroline Medical Institute, which is also in Stockholm. The Swedish Academy, along with the French and Spanish Academies, makes nominations in literature. The peace prize nominations are made by a committee of the Norwegian government. Many nominations are made in each area. Nominations from these groups begin the process of choosing the Nobel Prize winners.

    The second part of the process of choosing Nobel Prize winners is to decide which of the nominees deserves the award in each area. This decision is made by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. The Foundation may decide to give the awards to an individual or to several people in each area. Or the Foundation may decide not to give a prize at all in any area.

    1. A Nobel Prize is given in the form of ________.

    A. a large sum of money

    B. a diploma and a gold medal

    C. a large amount of money together with a gold medal and a diploma

    D. a prize certificate

    2. The 1973 Peace Prize was awarded to ________.

    A. two persons　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. Henry Kissinger

    C. Le Due Tho　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  D. two individuals from different countries

    3. Sometimes no prize is awarded when ________.

    A. there is no remarkable achievement in that area

    B. there is no suitable nomination

    C. there is a war

    D. there is financial shortage

    4. The decision of literature prize winner is made by ________.

    A. the Swedish Academy and the French and Spanish Academies

    B. the Nobel Foundation

    C. a committee for the Norwegian government

D. the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm

    The second way to heat your house is with active solar heating．Mechanical aids (things that help) are used．Specially setup solar panels (鑲板) are fitted on the roof, collecting the rays from the sun．Under the panels are a network of water pipes．The panels heat up in the sunlight and in turn heat the water in the pipes．The hot water is then stored in a special holding tank, usually in the basement of the house．It is now ready to be piped into radiators in the house, giving heat to the rooms.

1．What does solar have something to do with?

A．the wind.

B．The rain.

C．The sun．

D．The air.

2．What’s the weakness of the passive solar house?

A．On the coldest days of the year some extra heater is needed to help to heat the room.

B．More curtains are needed.

C．In winter sunlight is not able to pass through the glass window.

D．Mechanical aids are expensive.

3．How does the solar energy heat the passive solar house?

A．Sunlight is kept in by the windows and walls.

B．The furnace in the middle of the room sends out heat.

C．Sunlight heats up the walls and floors through the windows and these heated walls and floors radiate the heat slowly.

D．Many windows are positioned in the house to prevent sunlight from coming in

4．What’s a radiator?

A．A large holding t

ank in the basement in which hot water is stored.

B．A heater in the room which radiates heat from hot water supplied, through pipes.

C．A solar panel on the roof.

D．A thick curtain keeping the heat inside the room.

5．Which of the following do you think correct?

A．The active solar house is useless in our modem life.

B．The passive solar house is more useful than the active solar house.

C．The active solar house is probably more expensive than the passive solar house.

D．The passive solar house is probably more expensive than the active solar house.

The sun can be used to heat your home in two ways．The first is called passive solar heating because no mechanical equipment is used．Windows in the house are positioned to allow a large amount of sunlight in during the day．As sunlight passes through the windows, it heats up the walls and floors in the room．These radiate the heat slowly, keeping the room warm longer after the sun has set．Thick curtains are lowered at night to keep the heat in．During our coldest months, an extra heating source, such as a furnace(火爐).will be needed to help the passive solar house.

    The second way to heat your house is with active solar heating．Mechanical aids (things that help) are used．Specially setup solar panels (鑲板) are fitted on the roof, collecting the rays from the sun．Under the panels are a network of water pipes．The panels heat up in the sunlight and in turn heat the water in the pipes．The hot water is then stored in a special holding tank, usually in the basement of the house．It is now ready to be piped into radiators in the house, giving heat to the rooms.

1．What does solar have something to do with?

A．the wind.

B．The rain.

C．The sun．

D．The air.

2．What’s the weakness of the passive solar house?

A．On the coldest days of the year some extra heater is needed to help to heat the room.

B．More curtains are needed.

C．In winter sunlight is not able to pass through the glass window.

D．Mechanical aids are expensive.

3．How does the solar energy heat the passive solar house?

A．Sunlight is kept in by the windows and walls.

B．The furnace in the middle of the room sends out heat.

C．Sunlight heats up the walls and floors through the windows and these heated walls and floors radiate the heat slowly.

D．Many windows are positioned in the house to prevent sunlight from coming in

4．What’s a radiator?

A．A large holding tank in the basement in which hot water is stored.

B．A heater in the room which radiates heat from hot water supplied, through pipes.

C．A solar panel on the roof.

D．A thick curtain keeping the heat inside the room.

5．Which of the following do you think correct?

A．The active solar house is useless in our modem life.

B．The passive solar house is more useful than the active solar house.

C．The active solar house is probably more expensive than the passive solar house.

D．The passive solar house is probably more expensive than the active solar house.

The human body is a living machine, and, like all machines, it needs “fuel” to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories(卡). A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the picture shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.
The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（碳水化合物）, protein（蛋白質(zhì)） and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal /gm of the energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the round pictures show.
(P= protein      C= carbohydrate    F=fat)
【小題1】How many calories are needed to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃ to 90℃?

The human body is a living machine, and, like all machines, it needs “fuel” to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?

The energy value of food is usually measured in calories(卡). A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the picture shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.

The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（碳水化合物）, protein（蛋白質(zhì)） and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal /gm of the energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the round pictures show.

(P= protein      C= carbohydrate    F=fat)

1.How many calories are needed to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35℃ to 90℃?

2.Which of the following contains the most amount of calories?

3.Who needs the most amount of calories each day?

4.Which of following is True?　　

5.This passage mainly tells us ______.

A mobile phone is no longer just a phone -- it is also a music player, video camera and personal organizer. And mobile phones with television programming are just around the corner. But the more functions cell phone manufacturers add, the greater the amount of power the phones use and the less practical running them on lithium (鋰) batteries becomes -- so the race to find a viable alternative is on.

    Two of the world's biggest electronics makers, Hitachi and Toshiba, are currently competing against each other to come up with an alternative, most likely to be micro fuel cells. The task has been set by Japan's second largest mobile phone provider, KDDI, which wants its customers to soon be able to use special television programming on their handsets, and has asked the two electronics companies to come up with a better power source. Hitomi Murakami, of KDDI, says battery-operated mobile phones cannot keep up with the new applications. "We're looking at various ways to expand content and services that we can provide to the people. And we don't want to have battery issues delaying us from doing that," he says.

    Hitachi's Atsushi Morihara says it is a critical race for both of the companies as the resulting product will have a major impact on the mobile market in the future. "We are in competition and it's up to both of us to come up with a good product. A product that will satisfy KDDI's needs. I think I can go as far to say that the winner will take all."

    Miniaturized direct methanol (甲醇) fuel cells are different batteries in that they create power instead of simply storing it. That power is made by new technology utilizing cheap methanol. If all gees to plan, come 2007, Japanese phone users will not use an electric charger to power their mobiles, they will instead carry a small bottle of methanol and with just a few squirts, they will have power for their phones. But the method has its downsides, including how passengers will be able to take small mounts of flammable methanol on airliners. Fumio Ueno of Toshiba says that once developed, the uses of miniaturized direct methanol fuel cells have endless possibilities.

The lithium batteries are becoming improper for the cell phone because ______.

     A) there is a television in the phone         C) it is inconvenient to use

     B) it can't provide enough power              D) people have found substitutes

According to the passage, Toshiba ______.

     A) is in critical competition with KDDI

     B) will probably beat its rival

     C) attaches great importance to methanol fuel

     D) is one of the largest battery provider

Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of methanol fuel?

     A) Easy to catch fire.                         C) Portable.

     B) Inexpensive.                              D) Available everywhere.

The best title for the passage is ______.

     A) Search for better phone power.

     B) Development of cell phone battery.

     C) Competition between two electronic firms.

     D) Advantage and disadvantage of methanol fuel.

A new study（研究）warns that about thirty percent of the world’s people may not have enough water by the year 2025.

     A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three hundred thirty-five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

     Population Action International researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet, the amount of water on earth stays the same.

Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which is carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

    The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

    The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth, It says countries can't provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

According to the writer’s opinion, the first serious problem caused by lack of water is ______.

   A. health problem  B. war  C. economy  D. industry

Robert Engelman may be _______.

   A. an Englishman  B. an American  C. a Japanese  D. an Australian

Which of the following is NOT the way to solve the water problem?

   A. To control population growth

   B. To teach people not to waste water.

   C. To find ways to use water for only one purpose.

   D. To use less water of agriculture.

What is the main idea of the passage?

    A. How to get more water in the future.     B. Problems caused by water

C. The Lack of water                    D. A new study of water

An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remem??ber and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.

How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to re??gion, and from family to family.

To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these ‘ ills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to budget for nec??essary expenditures."

Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.

It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Ste??phens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."

One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brook??lyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "

Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied di??rectly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.

Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?

A. How to develop a child’s initiative.

B. How to work up an amount of pocket money.

C. How to teach a child to save money.

D. How to teach a child about money.

It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.

A. spend all the money very soon        

       B. be spoiled and finally ruined

C. feel responsible and careful about money

D. lost the money and can not return home

In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.

A. his parents        B. his teachers              C. his financial experts   D. his friends

The author implies in the passage that ________.

A. paying children for their housework is no good

B. a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework

C. children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money

D. children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money

The amount of water in the world is finite(有限的). The number of people is growing fast and water use is growing even faster. Global water consumption rose six times between 1900 and 1995—more than double the rate of population growth.

As important as quantity is quality—with pollution increasing in some areas，the amount of useable water declines.

And the wider effects of water shortages are just as frightening as the prospect of having too little to drink.

Seventy percent of the water used worldwide is used for agriculture. Much more will be needed if we are to feed the world's growing population. And consumption will rise further as more people expect Western－style lifestyles and diets—one kilogram of grain－fed beef needs at least 15 cubic metres of water，while a kilo of cereals(谷物)needs only up to three cubic metres.

New technology can help，however，especially by cleaning up pollution and so making more water useable，and in agriculture，where water use can be made far more efficient.

Drought－resistant(抗旱的)plants can also help.

The optimists say“virtual water”may save the day—the water contained in crops which could be exported from water－rich countries to dry ones. But the amounts involved would be huge，and the energy needed to transport the water would be enormous(巨大的).

In any case，it is not just us who need water，but every other species that shares the planet with us. We have to rethink how much water we really need if we are to learn how to share the earth's supply. While dams and other large－scale schemes play a big role worldwide，there is also a growing recognition of the value of using the water we already have more efficiently rather than harvesting ever more from our rivers. For millions of people around the world，getting it right is a matter of life and death.

1. Which of the following statements on water consumption is NOT true?

A. Agriculture consumes more than haft of the water used in the world.

B. The growing population worsens the water shortage situation.

C. Lifestyles play an important role in water consumption.

D. The Western way of agriculture uses more water than the Asian way.

2. “Virtual water” refers to the water that ________.

A. is hidden in crops

B. is saved in agriculture

C. can be transported

D. can be reused with the aid of the Internet

3. In the last paragraph，the author mainly ________.

A. criticizes big projects such as dams

B. criticizes the use of river water

C. calls for the protection of other species

D. calls for the more efficient use of water

4. What's the main idea of the text?

A. Water is mainly wasted in agriculture.

B. Water pollution is threatening our health.

C. Shortage of water is a very serious problem.

D. Population growing influences water use.

A hobby (嗜好) can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time.Hobbyists raise pets，build model ships，weave baskets，watch birds，hunt animals，climb mountains，raise flowers，fish，ski，skate，and swim.Hobbyists also paint pictures，attend concerts and plays，and perform on musical instruments.They collect everything from books to butterflies，and from shells to stamps.

People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment，friendship，knowledge and relaxation.Sometimes they even yield financial profit.Hobbies help people relax after periods of hard work，and provide a balance between work and play.Hobbies also offer interesting activities for persons who have retired.Anyone，rich or poor，old or young，sick or well，can follow a satisfying hobby，regardless of his age，position，or income.

Hobbies can help a person’s mental and physical health.Doctors have found that hobbies are valuable in helping patients recover_from physical or mental illness.Hobbies give bedridden or wheel­chair patients something to do，and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves.Many hospitals treat patients by having them take up interesting hobbies or pastimes.

In early times，most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies.But some persons who had leisure did enjoy hobbies.The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood or pottery.

People today have more time than ever before for hobbies.Machines have reduced the amount of time they must spend on their jobs.Hobbies provide variety for workers who do the same monotonous (單調(diào)的) tasks all day long.More people are retiring than ever before，and at an earlier age.Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their newly found leisure hours.

Sir William Osler，a famous Canadian doctor，expressed the value of hobbies by saying，“No man is really happy or safe without a hobby.”

46．Which of the following is right?

A．Hobby is one’s regular activity in his office.

B．Hobby is one’s regular activity in his spare time.

C．Hobby is a kind of activity only for old people.

D．Hobby is a kind of activity only for young people.

47．It seems that people who________ may spend more time enjoying their hobbies.

A．have little money

B．have much money

C．have retired from their work

D．have left school

48. The phrase “recover from” in the third paragraph means________.

A．get back                                             B．become healthy again

C．become calm                                      D．supply with a new cover

49．In early times，most people spent less time on their hobbies，because________.

A．they were brave and hard­working

B．the living conditions were poor

C．they were engaged in making a living

D．B and C

50．What’s the writer’s opinion about hobbies?

A．People all over the world have the same hobby.

B．Machines also have their hobbies.

C．Hobbies are popular among people in Egypt.

D．People should have hobbies in their spare time.

The human body is a living machine ,and, like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?

The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃.The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart below shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.

The energy in food is mainly in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（糖類）,protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm（calories per gram） of energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the second chart shows.

Chart Ⅰ

Chart Ⅱ

1.____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water from 35 ℃ to 90 ℃?

A.55　　　　　　　　 B.175　　　　　　 C.325　　　　　　 D.275

2.If you lack for calories to support your running activities you’d better take more ____.

A. milk　　　　　　 B. peanuts C. rice　　　　　　 D. milk and rice

3.We may learn from the charts that ____.

A. a child aged eight requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does

B. a boy aged sixteen requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged eight does

C. a mother with a baby to feed uses up more calories than a hard-working farmer each day

D. an old man needs less calories than an 8-year-old boy on account of his less movement

4.Which of the following statements agrees with the passage and the charts above?

A. You need more calories for swimming that for mountain climbing.

B. If you take an equal amount of Vitamin containing the calories you need, you don’t need to eat any food at all.

C. Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age, sex and the activities they are in.

D.3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm.

Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all four capacities(Korea and China are big dog eaters), are found in various breeds(動物品種) in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions， and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.
66．What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A．There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.
B．Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.
C．In some regions dogs seems to be more closely related to man.
D．Most animals existing in the world are kept by humans now.
67．Which of the following is a domestic animal, according to the passage?
A．A wolf kept in a zoo.     
B．A pig raised for  meat.
C．A tiger performing in circus.  
D．A fish living in a river.
68．Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?
A．They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.
B．They have great adaptation for the environment.
C．There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D．The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breeds ever known in the world.
69．To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.
A．not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it
B．to be wise about their feeding
C．not to allow it to take too big amounts of exercise
D．to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations
70．Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?
A．Domesticated Animals – Man’s Best Friend
B．Proper Diet for Healthy Animals
C．The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals
D．Some Tips on Pet-keeping

An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remem­ber and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to re­gion, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these ‘ ills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to budget for nec­essary expenditures."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Ste­phens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brook­lyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied di­rectly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.
63. Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?
A. How to develop a child’s initiative.
B. How to work up an amount of pocket money.
C. How to teach a child to save money.
D. How to teach a child about money.
64. It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.
A. spend all the money very soon             
B. be spoiled and finally ruined
C. feel responsible and careful about money
D. lost the money and can not return home
65. In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.
A. his parents      B. his teachers       C. his financial experts      D. his friends
66. The author implies in the passage that ________.
A. paying children for their housework is no good
B. a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework
C. children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money
D. children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money