題目列表(包括答案和解析)
Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist (細菌學家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to (because of) a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (發(fā)酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they also would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honor, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (嬰兒腹瀉) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions of lives worldwide.
1．Pasteur became __________ in 1854.
A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C. the general manager of a large beer-making company
D. the president of the University of Lille
2．According to the passage, Lille was a major centre for__________ in the mid-19th century.
A. growing grain crops B. making beer and wine
C. doing chemical research D. producing various kinds of yeasts
3．In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to __________.
A. wine and beer B. food and drinks
C. the various yeasts D. other organisms
4．We can infer (推斷) from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.
A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B. did not bring much profit (利潤，收益) to the wine makers in Lille
C. has done a lot of good to childcare in the world
D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
請根據(jù)下列提示寫出相應內(nèi)容。
1．偏見n．________
2．歧視n．________
3．收益；利潤n．________
4．pace n．________
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want．The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services．Most businesses seek to make a profit(利潤)－ that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business． 1 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers． 2
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business． 3 One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting． 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments．Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(監(jiān)管)and guidance by the management in authority． 5 ．
A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work．
B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management．
C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals．
D．However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs．
E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments．
F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects．
G．Planning in business management has three main aspects．
有毒食品致病甚至致死的事例經(jīng)常見諸報端，目前三鹿奶粉更是鬧得人心惶惶�，F(xiàn)請你以“Let’s all go out for food safety”為標題根據(jù)下表提示完成一篇短文。
| 話 題 | 食品安全已經(jīng)引起極大關注 |
| 原 因 | 廠商唯利是圖，生產(chǎn)偽劣垃圾食品 |
| 濫用農(nóng)藥和添加劑 | |
| 認真對待食品安全 | 廠商：既關注利潤，也關注質(zhì)量 |
| 監(jiān)督員：嚴控安全標準，嚴罰不良廠商 | |
| 消費者：盡量選擇綠色食品 |
注意：①避免直譯，要求層次清楚，內(nèi)容連貫。 ②字數(shù)120字左右。
參考詞匯：添加劑addictive 嚴厲severely 監(jiān)督員supervisor 消費者consumer
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Most students hate their endless homework. The students from Class 2, Senior 2 of the High School Affiliated to Peking University certainly did before they published their own collection of English novels at home.
Their small book contains stories about a holy (神圣的) war, the happy life of a self-taught artist and the story of a laid-off worker who devoted his last breath to playing his beloved accordion (手風琴). The book becomes an instant hit on campus. About 3,000 copies have been sold and the class is already working on the second volume.
"We’re up to our ears in homework. Exercises and exams make us out of breath. But to do something creative and full of imagination is such a great achievement," said Yu Xiaoxiao, 16.
"I took the writing as an ordinary homework at the beginning, but after I finished the first part of my story, I could not help but let it flow," said Wang An, who wrote "Accordion".
Inspired by "Lord of the Rings", Jiang Lu wrote his story about magic wars between angels from the light and the dark side. "The main message of the story was to look at the balance of the world. Both dark and light angels fight with love as their weapons. I want to tell people that selfish love might bring hate," Jiang said.
"I was shocked by their work and felt so proud to be the editor of my students’ book," said Nathaniel Timmermann, the oral English teacher at the school. Liu Xiuqin, an English teacher, started the project by asking students to write whatever was in their mind every week. "They have performed beyond expectation," Liu said. "They wrote interesting stories and their English has improved after they started to express their real minds."
"We never imagined that our homework would be so popular and profitable (盈利的). We sell the novels at five yuan, but many teachers pay more to encourage us," said Yuan Mengyao.
【小題1】 After Wang An finished the first part of his story, he _________.
| A．couldn’t go on | B．had to put it aside |
| C．just wanted to express it freely | D．lost it |
| A．Being popular. | B．Being profitable. |
| C．Improving their English. | D．Winning prize. |
| A．It is creative and imaginative. |
| B．It is profitable. |
| C．Interesting stories are sure to be popular. |
| D．Interesting stories can be well sold. |
| A．Creative homework leads to a popular book |
| B．Writing interesting stories |
| C．Students’ new book |
| D．A popular book |
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