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The Academy Awards, affectionately known as the Oscars, are the oldest, best known, most influential and famous of film awards. The awards have been presented   41   (the first awards ceremony was held in May of 1929) by a non-profit professional organization ― the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS),   42   in Beverly Hills, California, and founded in 1927. Ever since 1941, when the now-famous confidential (機(jī)密的) envelope system was   43  , marking the first year of complete secrecy, “the Envelope Please” has become a familiar   44that calls up the thought of the Academy Awards ceremony.

Except for the early years of the institution, the awards honored films made during the previous 12-month   45   year. Until 1954, the Oscars were presented mostly on a Thursday evening. From 1955 to 1958, they were presented on a Wednesday. From 1959 until 1998 the Oscars were, with a few exceptions, presented on a Monday night. Only since 1999 has the Awards ceremony taken place on a Sunday (  46   in March). In 2004, the ceremony was moved even earlier to improve ratings and to be more   47   to the awards “season”.

The establishment of the Academy (and its awards system) has had a major effect and influence upon the film industry. The Academy has, with limited success, tried to   48   the influences of promotion, box office gross receipts, and studio public relations and   49   on voting results.