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Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt（困擾） you—appears to be the key to the finding．
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．
His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接觸） of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出的） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．
57．Hancock’s study focuses on ________．
A．the consequences of lying in various communications media
B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C．people’s preference in selecting communications technologies
D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
58．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________．
A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C．people are most likely to lie in email communication
D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
59．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies
B．They believe that honesty is the best policy
C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media
D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication
60．According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________．
A．salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B．salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C．salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D．salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

       Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt（困擾） you—appears to be the key to the finding．

       Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．

       His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接觸） of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

       But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

       People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出的） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

       Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

57．Hancock’s study focuses on ________．

       A．the consequences of lying in various communications media

       B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

       C．people’s preference in selecting communications technologies

       D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

58．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________．

       A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages

       B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

       C．people are most likely to lie in email communication

       D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

59．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

       A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

       B．They believe that honesty is the best policy

       C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media

       D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication

60．According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________．

       A．salesmen can talk directly to their customers

       B．salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

       C．salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

       D．salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt（困擾） you—appears to be the key to the finding．

       Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．

       His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接觸） of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

       But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

       People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出的） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

       Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

1．Hancock’s study focuses on ________．

       A．the consequences of lying in various communications media

       B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

       C．people’s preference in selecting communications technologies

       D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

2．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________．

       A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages

       B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

       C．people are most likely to lie in email communication

       D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

3．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

       A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

       B．They believe that honesty is the best policy

       C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media

       D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication

4．According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________．

       A．salesmen can talk directly to their customers

       B．salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

       C．salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

       D．salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding．

       Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．

       His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

       But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

       People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

       Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

Hancock’s study focuses on _______．

      A．the consequences of lying in various communications media

      B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

      C．people are less likely to lie in instant messages

      D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____．

      A．people are less likely to lie instant messages

      B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

      C．people are most likely to lie in email communication

      D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

      A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies

      B．They believe that honesty is the best policy

      C．They tend to be relaxed wh en using those media

      D．They are most practised at those forms of communication

It can be inferred from the passage that ________．

      A．honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

      B．suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

       C．more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

      D．email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding．

Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．

His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

1.Hancock’s study focuses on _______．

2.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____．

3.According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

4.It can be inferred from the passage that ________．

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．A recent research shows people tend to tell more lies in phone conversations than they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded and can come back to haunt you appears to be the key to the finding．

Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 of phone calls．

His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment（非直接接觸）of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to be more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．

But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．“People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account,” he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．

“People are also more likely to lie in real time in an instant message or phone call than if they have time to think of a response,” say Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous responses to an unexpected demand, such as, “Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．

1．Hancock’s study focuses on _____．

       A．the consequences of lying in various communications media

       B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

       C．people are less likely to lie in instant messages

       D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media．

2．Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that_______．

       A．people are less likely to lie in instant messages．

       B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions．

       C．people are most likely to lie in email communication．

       D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations．

3．According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

       A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies．

       B．They believe that honesty is the best policy．

       C．They tend to be relaxed when using those media．

       D．They are most practiced at those forms of communication．

4．It can be inferred from the passage that ______．

       A．honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

       B．more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

       C．suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

       D．email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個(gè)單詞。

Nowadays people used different ways to communicate with each other．And does one always tell the truth when he or she talks with the other on the phone? Or does one sometimes tell a lie when writing an email or giving an instant message? Recent research has found that communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study, made by Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in e – mails．The fact that e – mails are automatically recorded – and can come back to trouble you – appears to be the key to the finding．

Jeff Hancock made an investigation by asking 30 students to keep a communication diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or e – mail exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 per cent of e – mails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of fact – to – face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls．

His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected e –mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because the unreal condition makes people uncomfortable, the detachment （非直接接觸） of e – mailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in fact – to – face exchanges because people are more practiced at that form of communication．

But Hancock says it is also very important and effective whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know that they will be responsible for what they have said in the conversation, he says． This is why fewer lies appear in e – mail than on the phone．

People are also more likely to lie in real time – in an instant message or phone call, say – than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are sudden or immediate responses to demands that they don’t expect, such as : “Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help business companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for selling their products where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is regarded as more important than others, might be best done using e – mail．

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding．
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．
People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脫口而出） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．
【小題1】Hancock’s study focuses on _______．