5.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)
(1)接名詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如:
They usually call the baby Dick,他們經(jīng)常把嬰兒的名字稱為迪克。
(2)接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞:keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如:
She will make him happy.她將使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short.請(qǐng)把這根棍子砍短點(diǎn)。
(3)接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞:leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如:
He left me waiting in the rain.他讓我在雨中等。
[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.
A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to change
C. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change
解析D 及物動(dòng)詞及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)考查題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析法可以判斷:第一空為形式賓語(yǔ)it,第二空為真正的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),第三空為使役動(dòng)詞make后省去to的賓補(bǔ)change。故選D
難點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞詞組的使用與辨析
動(dòng)詞詞組的使用和辨析是動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)中的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn),考查形式涉及多項(xiàng)選擇題中的語(yǔ)法和 和詞匯知識(shí)題、多項(xiàng)選擇式完形填空題、短文改錯(cuò)題多種題型。
[典例1]Kathy _____a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up
解析 A動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。pick up 獲得,學(xué)到,撿起,使恢復(fù)精神;take up開(kāi)始從事,吸收;make up彌補(bǔ),虛構(gòu);turn up找到,出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意:凱西通過(guò)與當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆觽兺嫠6鴮W(xué)到了不少西班牙語(yǔ)。故選A。
[典例2]Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.(2004·廣東卷)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
解析 A考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。海倫總是幫助她的母親,即使上學(xué)占用了她一天中的大部分時(shí)間。四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的意思分別為:take up占據(jù),填滿;make up形成,構(gòu)成或組成某物;save up儲(chǔ)存,儲(chǔ)蓄;put up 張貼(海報(bào)、通告等),提出(意見(jiàn))供討論。根據(jù)句意判斷take up 合題意。
[典例3] You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished them.(2004·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
解析 C 考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。此句句意為:你可以從書(shū)架上隨便拿書(shū)去讀,但是讀完以后請(qǐng)把書(shū)放回原處put on 穿上,偽裝;put down寫(xiě)下,平定;put off 推遲,搪寒;只有put back放回原處合句意。
[典例4]His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_____from home and earn some money on his own.(2002·北京卷)
A. run away B take away C.keep away D.get away
解析 D 考查動(dòng)詞詞組的辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合語(yǔ)法要求,再看本句句意:他母親原本認(rèn)為他離開(kāi)家自己賺錢對(duì)鍛煉他的性格有好處。get away from home的意思正是“離開(kāi)家”。
小試牛刀
4.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
(1)用to變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如:
Could you bring me the book?或 Could you bring the book to me ?請(qǐng)你把那本書(shū)帶給我好嗎?
(2)用for變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如:
He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他為我買了一瓶墨水。
(3)用for和to或其它介詞變換間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:do, leave, play等。如:
Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能幫我忙嗎?
[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.
A. do B. give C. make D. find
解析 A 接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞考查題。此句的harm為直接賓語(yǔ),to you為間接賓語(yǔ)。句意為:吸煙對(duì)你有害,請(qǐng)戒掉煙吧。從搭配而言,常說(shuō)do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故選A。
3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表格
系動(dòng)詞在此句型中的用法:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。
(1)系動(dòng)詞+形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
That argument sounds reasonable,那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理。
(2)系動(dòng)詞+名詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
Later he became an acrobat.他后來(lái)成為一名雜技演員。
(3)系動(dòng)詞+副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或反身代詞作表語(yǔ)。如:
He is near,他在附近。
[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
解析 A 系動(dòng)詞考查題。根據(jù)The cooking chicken正在煮的的雞肉,推斷出“聞起來(lái)很香”,故用smell。其它feel感覺(jué)起來(lái);sound聽(tīng)起來(lái);taste嘗起來(lái),均不合題意。
2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
理解及物動(dòng)詞在此句型中帶賓語(yǔ)的用法:
(1)及物動(dòng)詞+名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂舉過(guò)頭頂。
Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年準(zhǔn)備到國(guó)外去度假嗎?
(2)及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。此類及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can’t help, stick to等。如:
I suggested taking a walk.我建議去散步。
You must not give up studying.你不該放棄學(xué)習(xí)。
(3)及物動(dòng)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)。此類及物動(dòng)詞有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,
offer, plan, refuse等。如:
I hope to go to college.我希望上大學(xué)。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司無(wú)法支付如此巨額的工資。
(4)既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞(見(jiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題之熱點(diǎn))。
1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞
理解不及物動(dòng)詞在此句型中的常用法:
(1)一般表達(dá)型。此類不及物動(dòng)詞?膳c表示距離、持續(xù)時(shí)間、重量、價(jià)值等的副詞修飾語(yǔ)連用。如:Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙計(jì),你還走得動(dòng)嗎?
The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.
我們生的火冒出的煙在無(wú)風(fēng)的空氣中裊裊上升。
(2)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義型。此類常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有:read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如:
The tickets to the play sold well。那臺(tái)戲的戲票很暢銷。
The accident happened outside my house.這個(gè)事故發(fā)生在我家房子的外面。
[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.
A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening
解析 A 不及物動(dòng)詞的考查。動(dòng)詞run out表示“被用完”; go out 表示“出去,熄滅”;spread表示“傳播”;happen表示“發(fā)生”。根據(jù)句意:食物和飲料快用光了,但這些人仍舊很愉快和自信。
2.實(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞卻常被誤為不及物動(dòng)詞
enter(誤為enter into) marry(誤為marry with)
reach(誤為reach to) mention(誤為mention about)
serve(誤為serve for) address(誤為address to)
approach(誤為approach with) salute(誤為salute to)
fit(誤為fit for) benefit (誤為benefit to)
[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.
A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married
解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁給”,為及物動(dòng)詞,可直接帶賓語(yǔ)。
重點(diǎn)2 五種基本句型中的動(dòng)詞使用
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型,通常與及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞密不可分。
1.幾組拼寫(xiě)形式不同而容易混淆的動(dòng)詞
![]()
hang
hanged hanged(絞死)
lay
laid laid(放置)
hang hung hung(懸掛) lie lied lied(說(shuō)慌)
lie lay lain(平臥)
![]()
find
found found(發(fā)現(xiàn))
fall
fell fallen(跌倒)
found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、擊倒)
fail failed failed(失敗)
[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了had lied
解析 B 易混淆詞辨析題。動(dòng)詞lay表示“擱置、放”時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞為laying,過(guò)去分詞為laid;而lie作“躺”講時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞為lying,過(guò)去分詞為lain,如其過(guò)去分詞為lied,則含義為“撒謊”。此處為“躺的地方”,故用was lying。
4.關(guān)于hurt, wound, injure和harm
(1)hurt:表示“肉體或情感上的痛苦,強(qiáng)調(diào)疼痛感”。如:
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一輛公共汽車和一輛卡車相撞,許多人受了傷。
(2)wound:表示“由于劍、刀、槍等銳器造成身體上較嚴(yán)重的外傷,特別是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中受傷”。如:The soldier was wounded in the arm.這個(gè)士兵的胳膊受傷了。
(3)injure:表示“指意外事故或偶發(fā)事件造成的傷害”。如:
There were two people injured in the car accident.
有兩個(gè)人在車禍中受了傷。
(4)harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或損失,其對(duì)象可以是自己,也可以是其他人或物”。如:Our dog won’t harm you.我們的狗不會(huì)傷害你的。
Getting up early won’t harm you!早起對(duì)你沒(méi)有壞處。
[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t_____ at all .
A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured
解析 C 近義詞辨析題目。hurt強(qiáng)調(diào)“精神或肉體上的疼痛”;wound強(qiáng)調(diào)“刀、槍傷”;harm強(qiáng)調(diào)“危害、損失”;injure強(qiáng)調(diào)“意外傷害”。名意為:我們住的街道發(fā)生了一次意外的爆炸事故,但我們的大樓卻絲毫沒(méi)有受損。故用harmed合句意。
重點(diǎn) 1 兩種常錯(cuò)?嫉目勺髦^語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
3.關(guān)于cost, spend, take和pay
(1)從意義上講,都可表示“花錢”。如:“我花10元錢買襯衣”。這一句話可有四種翻譯:
The
shirt cost me ten yuan.
I spent ten yuan on the shirt.
It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.
I paid ten yuan for the shirt.
(2)結(jié)構(gòu)搭配上的不同
①spend的主語(yǔ)只能是人。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.
②cost的主語(yǔ)只能是指事或物的名詞、代詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money
③take的主語(yǔ)多為指物的名詞。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.
④pay的主語(yǔ)是人,為買某物而付錢。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.
[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.
A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought
解析 D近義詞辨析題。用cost,則主謂搭配不當(dāng);用pay,則260 yuan作賓語(yǔ);用spend,則與for 260 yuan搭配不當(dāng);應(yīng)選用buy,其用法和搭配均與句意吻合。
2.關(guān)于fit, suit和match
(1)fit作及物動(dòng)詞,表示“適合、配上、合身”。如:
This coat fits her nicely.這件外套非常合適。
The key doesn’t fit the lock,這把鑰匙不合這把鎖。
(2)作形容詞,表示“適合、健康”》常構(gòu)成be fit for 。如:
He is fit for the job,他適合這份工作。
The water is fit to drink.這水適合喝。
(3)作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“吻合、合身”。如:
Does the coat fit?這件大衣合身嗎?
(4)suit作適合,常強(qiáng)調(diào)顏色、款式等適合某人,而fit則強(qiáng)調(diào)大小合身。如:
That color doesn’t suit your complexion(膚色)。這顏色不適合你的膚色。
(5)match表示“在(品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計(jì)等方面)與……相配”。如:
Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必須與窗簾區(qū)配。
[典例2]The red tie you bought doesn’t ______my coat.
A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match
解析D 近義詞辨析題目。fit作及物動(dòng)詞,表示大小合身;作不及物動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)“吻合”;作形容詞,則須用be fit for; suit 強(qiáng)調(diào)“款式合適”,只有match強(qiáng)調(diào)“與……匹配”。故選D。
國(guó)際學(xué)校優(yōu)選 - 練習(xí)冊(cè)列表 - 試題列表
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報(bào)平臺(tái) | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無(wú)主義有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報(bào)專區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話:027-86699610 舉報(bào)郵箱:58377363@163.com